Wild agarwood, also known as oud or gaharu, is a resinous, fragrant wood produced by certain species of trees in the genus Aquilaria and Gyrinops. These trees are native to Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of China. Agarwood forms as a result of the tree's natural defense mechanism in response to fungal or bacterial infection. Here's an overview of its formation and significance:
Formation of Agarwood
Formation of Agarwood
- Infection or Wounding: When a tree of the Aquilaria or Gyrinops genus is injured or infected by specific fungi (e.g., Phialophora or Aspergillus), it produces a dark, resinous substance to protect itself.
- Resin Development: Over time, the resin accumulates in the heartwood of the tree, transforming it into agarwood. The resin gives agarwood its distinct aroma and makes it valuable.
- Wild Agarwood in the Ground: Sometimes, agarwood forms in trees that eventually die and fall to the ground. These trees decompose over time, leaving behind the resinous heartwood in the soil. This is referred to as wild agarwood in the ground. Harvesters may dig it up to collect the resin-rich wood.
- Appearance: Wild agarwood is dark and dense due to the resin content. It contrasts with the lighter, unaffected wood of the tree.
- Fragrance: When burned or distilled, it releases a rich, complex, and woody aroma that is highly prized in perfumery, incense, and traditional medicine.
- Rarity: Naturally occurring wild agarwood is rare and highly valuable because the formation process is slow, and overharvesting has led to the depletion of wild Aquilaria trees.
- Perfumery: Agarwood oil, also known as oud oil, is used in high-end perfumes.
- Incense: It is burned in religious and cultural rituals.
- Traditional Medicine: Agarwood is used in Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani medicine for its purported therapeutic properties.
- Cultural and Economic Value: It is considered a luxury item and has a high market value.
